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[CFK+13b] Taolue Chen, Vojtěch Forejt, Marta Kwiatkowska, David Parker and Aistis Simaitis. Automatic Verification of Competitive Stochastic Systems. Formal Methods in System Design, 43(1), pages 61-92, Springer. August 2013. [pdf] [bib] [Introduces model checking techniques for stochastic multi-player games, implemented in the PRISM-games tool.]
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Notes: This is an extended journal version of [CFK+12]. Details of the models and properties presented in the paper are here. See also the accompanying tool PRISM-games. The original publication is available at link.springer.com.
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Abstract. We present automatic verification techniques for the modelling and analysis of probabilistic systems that incorporate competitive behaviour. These systems are modelled as turn-based stochastic multi-player games, in which the players can either collaborate or compete in order to achieve a particular goal. We define a temporal logic called rPATL for expressing quantitative properties of stochastic multi-player games. This logic allows us to reason about the collective ability of a set of players to achieve a goal relating to the probability of an event's occurrence or the expected amount of cost/reward accumulated. We give an algorithm for verifying properties expressed in this logic and implement the techniques in a probabilistic model checker, as an extension of the PRISM tool. We demonstrate the applicability and efficiency of our methods by deploying them to analyse and detect potential weaknesses in a variety of large case studies, including algorithms for energy management in Microgrids and collective decision making for autonomous systems.

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